Various sensors get data from different equipments and send it over communication channels to the central master unit. The SCADA system handles all that data and analyzes all the equipments working in the factory.

The SCADA systems are being used even in nuclear facilities worldwide. These are in use in very large plants that depend entirely upon these for efficient control and working. These can handle hundreds of thousands of input output channels.

There are many additional devices essential to make a scada system work. HMI Interfaces, controllers and various hardware are required. Various sensors analyze the data that is then sent to the central computer via communication channels.

The main computer that controls everything and has scada software installed on it is called the MTU or master terminal unit. For remotely located equipments, there are several remote terminal units that work in coordination with MTU.

Scada systems used in factories are often known as Distributed Control Systems or DCS. These have their control units at a confined location. The communications are handled within a LAN. Closed loop control is more often used in such systems.

In SCADA systems, open loop control is more prevalent though there may be some elements of closed loop control. The communications are also not just confined over LAN. The operations and controls are spread over a larger geographical area.

Due to the usage of various hardware and software in such control systems, these may be vulnerable to hacker attacks that can cause a lot of chaos and damage. Penetration testing can help identify windows that can be exploited by hackers. Thus the important infrastructure can be secured.

Penetration testing is done to avoid any leaks and detect them as soon as they occur. Every single detail is taken care of and a monitoring mechanism is established to determine the cause for leaks and security windows.

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